Chapter 7

US Congress, Senate, Select Committee on Intelligence and the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research, Project MKUltra, The CIA’s Program of Research in Behavioral Modification, 95th Cong., 1st sess., Aug. 3, 1977.

George C. Wilson, “Army Conducted 239 Secret, Open-Air Germ Warfare Tests,” Washington Post, Mar. 9, 1977.

US Congress, Senate, Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, Biological Testing Involving Human Subjects by The Department of Defense, 95th Cong., 1st sess., 1977.

Ibid.

Annie Jacobsen, Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program that Brought Nazi Scientists to America (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2014), 372.

Helen Thompson, “In 1950, the US Released a Bioweapon in San Francisco,” Smithsonian Magazine, Jul. 6, 2015.

Rebecca Kreston, “Blood & Fog: The Military’s Germ Warfare Tests in San Francisco,” Discover, Jun. 28, 2015.

HistoryNet Staff, “Dr. Ira Baldwin: Biological Weapons Pioneer,” HistoryNet, Jun. 12, 2006.

National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on Zinc Cadmium Sulfide, Toxicologic Assessment of the Army’s Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 1997), doi: 10.17226/5739.

Ed Regis, The Biology of Doom: America’s Secret Germ Warfare Project (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1999), 117-119.

William H. Rose, “An Evaluation of Entomological Warfare as a Potential Danger to the United States and European NATO Nations,” US Army Test & Evaluation Command, Mar. 1981.

Walter J. Tabachnick, “Mosquito Control as a First Responder to Bioterrorism,” Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, last modified Oct. 29, 2019.

“US Army Activities in the US, Biological Warfare Programs, Vol. II,” Department of the Army, 1977, 202.

United States Army Chemical Corps, Summary of Major Events and Problems, Fiscal Year 1959, Army Chemical Center, Maryland: US Army Chemical Corps Historical Office, Jan. 1960, accessed Mar. 8, 2023.

Ed Regis, The Biology of Doom: America’s Secret Germ Warfare Project (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1999), 14-15.

Department of the Army, US Army Activity in the US Biological Warfare Programs Volume I and II, US Army, 1977, 6-3.

Department of the Army, A Study of the Vulnerability of Subway Passengers in New York City to Covert Attack with Biological Agents, Special Operations Division Commodity Development and Engineering Laboratory, Miscellaneous Publication 25, Frederick, MD: Department of the Army, 1968, 23.

Department of the Army, US Army Activity in the US Biological Warfare Programs Volume I and II, US Army, 1977, 6-3.

Leonard A. Cole, Clouds of Secrecy: The Army’s Germ Warfare Tests over Populated Areas (Savage, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1988), 68.

Department of the Army, A Study of the Vulnerability of Subway Passengers in New York City to Covert Attack with Biological Agents, Special Operations Division Commodity Development and Engineering Laboratory, Miscellaneous Publication 25, Frederick, MD: Department of the Army, 1968, 23,.

US Congress, Senate, Intelligence Activities Senate Resolution 21, Unauthorized Storage of Toxic Agents: Hearings before the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, 94th Cong., 1st sess., 1975, 6, (testimony of William E. Colby, Director of Central Intelligence).

“Bacillus subtilis,” English Wikipedia—Species Pages, accessed via GBIF.org, Mar. 24, 2023.

Mark Wheelis, Lajos Rózsa, and Malcolm Dand, Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons since 1945 (Boston: Harvard University Press, 2006), 26.

William H. Rose, “An Evaluation of Entomological Warfare as a Potential Danger to the United States and European NATO Nations,” US Army Dugway Proving Ground, Mar. 1981, 8.

Ed Regis, The Biology of Doom: America’s Secret Germ Warfare Project (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1999), 14-15, 117.

Ibid., 118.

Bill Richards, “Report Suggests CIA Involvement in Fla. Illnesses,” Washington Post, Dec. 17, 1979.

HistoryNet Staff, “Dr. Ira Baldwin: Biological Weapons Pioneer,” HistoryNet, Jun. 12, 2006.

Ibid.

Ed Regis, The Biology of Doom: America’s Secret Germ Warfare Project (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1999), 118–119.