Chapter 7

Sarah Everts, “The Nazi Origins of Deadly Nerve Gases,” Chemical & Engineering News, Oct. 17, 2016.

Ibid.

“I.G. Farben Trial, Early Release and Reestablishment of Bayer (1945–1951),” Bayer, last updated Sep. 14, 2022.

Annie Jacobsen, Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program That Brought Nazi Scientists to America (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2014).

Seymour M. Hersh, Chemical and Biological Warfare: America’s Hidden Arsenal (Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1968), 255.

“CAPT Joshua Schier, MD, MPH: Chief Medical Officer,” US Dept. of Health and Human Services, accessed Apr. 13, 2023.

“Historical Perspectives History of CDC,” MMWR, Jun. 28, 1996.

“A Short History of the National Institutes of Health,” NIH, accessed Apr. 13, 2023.

“Our History,” US Dept. of Public Health and Human Services, accessed Apr. 13, 2023.

Seymour M. Hersh, Chemical and Biological Warfare: America’s Hidden Arsenal (Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1968), 274.

Ibid., 23, 196, 242.

Ibid., 273.

Sheldon Harris, PhD, “Japanese Biomedical Experimentation during the World-War-II Era,” in Military Medical Ethics Vol. 2, ed. Dave E. Lounsbury, MD, FACP (Washington DC: TMM Publications), 20030, 482-483.

Mark Felton, The Devil’s Doctors: Japanese Human Experiments on Allied Prisoners of War (United Kingdom: Pen & Sword Books, 2012).

Sherwood Ross, “US Biowarfare Programs Have 13,000 Death Scientists Hard at Work,” Scoop, Feb. 26, 2020.

Ibid.

Jeanne Guillemin, “Scientists and the History of Biological Weapons,” EMBO Reports 7 (2006): S45–S49, doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400689.

Ibid.

Francis A. Boyle, Biowarfare and Terrorism (Atlanta: Clarity Press, 2005), 23-24.

Ed Regis, The Biology of Doom: America’s Secret Germ Warfare Project (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1999), 114-115.

Kathryn J. Zerbe, “The Secret Life of Secrets: Deleterious Psychosomatic Effects on Patient and Analyst,” Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 67, no. 1 (2019): 185-214, doi: 10.1177/0003065119826624.

Ed Regis, The Biology of Doom: America’s Secret Germ Warfare Project (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1999), 115.

Caitlin Dickerson, “Secret World War II Chemical Experiments Tested Troops by Race,” NPR, Jun. 22, 2015.

“Mustard Gas: Mustard Gas Experiments,” US Dept. of Veteran Affairs, last updated Apr. 21, 2020,.

Ed Regis, The Biology of Doom: The History of America’s Secret Germ Warfare Project (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1999), 167-168.

Jennie Jones Giles, “Adventist Helped Biological Weapons Study,” Blue Ridge Now Times-News, Jan. 25, 2004.

Annie Jacobsen, Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program that Brought Nazi Scientists to America (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2014), 288.

US Congress, Senate, Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, Is Military Research Hazardous to Veterans’ Health? Lessons Spanning Half a Century, 103rd Congress, 2d sess., 1994, S. Prt. 103-197.

Robert Roos, “Judge Orders DOD to Stop Requiring Anthrax Shots,” CIDRAP, Dec. 23, 2003.

Annie Jacobsen, Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program that Brought Nazi Scientists to America (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2014), 372.