Chapter 1 Archives • Children's Health Defense

1

“Vaccine History,” The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, accessed September 18, 2022.

2

“Birth-18 Years Immunization Schedule,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, accessed on September 15, 2022.

3

Nova, PBS, “Surviving AIDS,” air date, February 2, 1999.

4

US Food and Drug Administration, ENGERIX-B: Package Insert, US License No. 1617 (Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline, 1989).

5

US Food and Drug Administration, INFANRIX: Package Insert, US License No. 1617 (Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline, 1997).

6

US Food and Drug Administration, ActHIB: Package Insert (Swiftwater, PA: Sanofi Pasteur Inc., 1993).

7

Kathleen Stratton et al., Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality, (Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2011), doi: 10.17226/13164.

8

Kathleen Stratton et al., Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality,(Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2011), doi: 10.17226/13164.

9

Kathleen Stratton et al., Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality, (Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2011), doi: 10.17226/13164.

10

Kathleen Stratton et al., Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality, (Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2011), doi: 10.17226/13164.

11

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Autism and Vaccines: Questions and Concerns,” Vaccine Safety, accessed September 16, 2022.

12

Committee on the Assessment of Studies of Health Outcomes Related to the Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, & Institute of Medicine, The Childhood Immunization Schedule and Safety: Stakeholder Concerns, Scientific Evidence, and Future Studies (Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2013).

13

Committee on the Assessment of Studies of Health Outcomes Related to the Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, & Institute of Medicine, The Childhood Immunization Schedule and Safety: Stakeholder Concerns, Scientific Evidence, and Future Studies, (Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2013), pg 5.

14

Committee on the Assessment of Studies of Health Outcomes Related to the Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, & Institute of Medicine, The Childhood Immunization Schedule and Safety: Stakeholder Concerns, Scientific Evidence, and Future Studies, (Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2013), pg 6.

15

Committee on the Assessment of Studies of Health Outcomes Related to the Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, & Institute of Medicine, The Childhood Immunization Schedule and Safety: Stakeholder Concerns, Scientific Evidence, and Future Studies, (Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2013), pg 12 .

16

Committee on the Assessment of Studies of Health Outcomes Related to the Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, & Institute of Medicine, The Childhood Immunization Schedule and Safety: Stakeholder Concerns, Scientific Evidence, and Future Studies, (Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2013), pg 14.

17

A.J. Wakefield et al., “Ileal-Lymphoid-Nodular Hyperplasia, Non-Specific Colitis, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Children,” The Lancet 351, no. 9103 (2018): 637–641. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(97)11096-0.

18

Tonya Bittner, “Wakefield’ed,” Urban Dictionary, accessed on September 16, 2022.

19

Hannah Ritchie et al., “Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations,” Our World in Data, accessed on April 15, 2023.

20

MedAlerts.org, “Search the U.S. Government’s VAERS Data,” National Vaccine Information Center, accessed on April 15, 2023.

21

Anna Halkidis, “Vaccine Injuries Are Rare, Just Look at the Numbers,” Parents, accessed September 12, 2022.

22

Fanny Wong, “Vaccine Injury Program Goes Unknown,” ABA for Law Students, 2018, accessed September 12, 2022.

23

Ross Lazarus et al., Electronic Support for Public Health–Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (ESP: VAERS), Grant ID: R18 HS 017045, Rockville, MD, The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Mech2011.

24

Adjuvants are substances used in combination with vaccine antigens to “produce a more robust immune response than the antigen alone.” Adjuvants stimulate cells in the innate immune system to “create a local immunocompetent environment at the injection site. Sunita Awate et al., “Mechanism of Action of Adjuvants,” Frontiers in Immunology 4 (2013) 114, doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00114.

25

FUTURE II Study Group, “Quadrivalent Vaccine Against Human Papillomavirus to Prevent High-Grade Cervical Lesions,” The New England Journal of Medicine 356, no. 19 (2007): 1915–1927, doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa061741

26

US Food and Drug Administration, Gardasil 9: Package Insert, USPI-v503-i-2008r012 (Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., 2020).

27

Milagritos D. Tapia et al., “Maternal Immunisation with Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine for Prevention of Influenza in Infants in Mali: A Prospective, Active-Controlled, Observer-Blind, Randomised Phase 4 Trial,” The Lancet: Infectious Diseases 16, no. 9 (2016): 1026-1035. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30054-8.

28

The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, “Vaccines 101: Ethical Issues and Vaccines,” The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, accessed September 19, 2022.

29

Food and Drug Administration, “Placebos and Blinding in Randomized Controlled Cancer Clinical Trials for Drug and Biological Products: Guidance for Industry,” August 2019.

30

Clovis Oncology, Inc., “A Study in Ovarian Cancer Patients Evaluating Rucaparib and Nivolumab as Maintenance Treatment Following Response to Front-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy (ATHENA),” (Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT03522246), updated November 5, 2021.