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Viruses

Published: 2021
SYNOPSIS

Vit D deficiency increased likelihood of being COVID-19 positive by 4.6 times.

TITLE

Increased risk for Covid-19 in patients with Vitamin D deficiency.

CITATION

Katz, J., Yue, S., & Xue, W. (2020). Increased risk for COVID-19 in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)84, 111106. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2020.111106

SUMMARY

This is a retrospective database analysis showing patients with vitamin D deficiency were 4.6 times more likely to be positive for COVID-19 (indicated by the ICD-10 diagnostic code COVID19) than patients with no deficiency. The association decreased slightly after adjusting for sex and malabsorption. The association decreased significantly but remained robust after adjusting for race, periodontal disease.

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Published: 2021
SYNOPSIS

Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes had a 85.7% lower death rate when given Vit D.

TITLE

Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study.

CITATION

Alguwaihes AM, Al-Sofiani ME, Megdad M, Albader SS, Alsari MH, Alelayan A, Alzahrani SH, Sabico S, Al-Daghri NM, Jammah AA. Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020 Dec 5;19(1):205. doi: 10.1186/s12933-020-01184-4. PMID: 33278893; PMCID: PMC7718833. Summary

SUMMARY

A total of 439 patients were included (median age 55 years; 68.3% men). The most prevalent comorbidities were vitamin D deficiency. While diabetes mellitus (DM) patients have a higher mortality rate than their non-DM counterparts, hospitalized patients showed 85.7%  lower mortality with vitamin D.

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Published: 2021
SYNOPSIS

Observational study showing improved immune system activity if supplementation was given to Vit D insufficient and deficient patients.

TITLE

Nutrients, Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels on Admission to the Intensive Care Unit May Predispose COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients to a Higher 28-Day Mortality Risk: A Pilot Study on a Greek ICU Cohort.

CITATION

Vassiliou AG, Jahaj E, Pratikaki M, Orfanos SE, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A. Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels on Admission to the Intensive Care Unit May Predispose COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients to a Higher 28-Day Mortality Risk: A Pilot Study on a Greek ICU Cohort. Nutrients. 2020 Dec 9;12(12):3773. doi: 10.3390/nu12123773. PMID: 33316914; PMCID: PMC7764169.

SUMMARY

We aimed to examine whether low intensive care unit (ICU) admission vitamin D levels are associated with worse outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia. This was a prospective observational study of SARS-CoV2 positive critically ill patients treated in a multidisciplinary ICU. Thirty (30) Greek patients were included, in whom vitamin D level was measured on ICU admission. Eighty (80%) percent of patients had vitamin D deficiency, and the remaining insufficiency. All patients who died within 28 days belonged to the low vitamin D group. Survival analysis showed that the low vitamin D group had a higher 28-day survival absence probability. Critically ill COVID-19 patients who died in the ICU within 28 days appeared to have lower ICU admission vitamin D levels compared to survivors. It seems plausible, therefore, that low vitamin D levels may predispose COVID-19 patients to an increased 28-day mortality risk.

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Published: 2021
SYNOPSIS

An 80% decrease in death among hospitalized (late treatment) patients in the UK given Vitamin D.

TITLE

Nutrients, High-Dose Cholecalciferol Booster Therapy is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Centre Observational Study.

CITATION

Ling SF, Broad E, Murphy R, Pappachan JM, Pardesi-Newton S, Kong MF, Jude EB. High-Dose Cholecalciferol Booster Therapy is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Centre Observational Study. Nutrients. 2020 Dec 11;12(12):3799. doi: 10.3390/nu12123799. PMID: 33322317; PMCID: PMC7763301.

SUMMARY

This is a late treatment retrospective study showing 80% lower mortality with cholecalciferol booster therapy of 986 hospitalized patients in the UK finding that cholecalciferol booster therapy, regardless of baseline serum levels, was associated with a reduced risk of mortality in acute COVID-19 inpatients. An 80% decrease in mortality in the primary cohort (444 patients).

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Published: 2021
SYNOPSIS

Low levels of Vitamin D and obesity positively correlated with symptomatic COIVD

TITLE

The Association Between the Level of Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D, Obesity, and underlying Diseases with the risk of Developing COVID‐19 Infection: A case‐control study of hospitalized patients in Tehran, Iran.

CITATION

Abdollahi, A, Sarvestani, HK, Rafat, Z, et al. The association between the level of serum 25(OH) vitamin D, obesity, and underlying diseases with the risk of developing COVID‐19 infection: A case–control study of hospitalized patients in Tehran, Iran. J Med Virol. 2021; 93: 2359– 2364. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26726

SUMMARY

The aim of this study was to explore an association between the serum vitamin D level, obesity, and underlying health conditions, as well as the vulnerability to COVID‐19 in the Iranian population. A significant negative correlation  was observed between the serum vitamin D level and developing coronavirus infection.

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Published: 2021
SYNOPSIS

Italian nursing home patients given Vitamin D before being exposed to COIVD 19 had a 70% decrease in death.

TITLE

Mortality in an Italian nursing home during COVID-19 pandemic: correlation with gender, age, ADL, vitamin D supplementation, and limitations of the diagnostic tests.

CITATION

Cangiano B, Fatti LM, Danesi L, Gazzano G, Croci M, Vitale G, Gilardini L, Bonadonna S, Chiodini I, Caparello CF, Conti A, Persani L, Stramba-Badiale M, et al. Mortality in an Italian nursing home during COVID-19 pandemic: correlation with gender, age, ADL, vitamin D supplementation, and limitations of the diagnostic tests. Aging (Albany NY). 2020; 12:24522-24534. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.202307

SUMMARY

The COVID-19 pandemic caused an increased mortality in nursing homes due to its quick spread and the age-related high lethality. We observed a two-month mortality of 40%, compared to 6.4% in the previous year. Increased mortality was associated with male gender, older age, no previous vitamin D supplementation and worse “activities of daily living (ADL)” scores. Our data confirms a higher geriatric mortality due to COVID-19, and mortality was inversely associated with vitamin D supplementation.

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Published: 2021
SYNOPSIS

Administration of vitamin D may increase TAC levels and decrease the length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation in ICU patients.

TITLE

High dose vitamin D improves total serum antioxidant capacity and ICU outcome in critically ill patients – A randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

CITATION

Mohammad Sistanizad, Mehran Kouchek, Mohammad Miri, Sara Salarian, Seyedpouzhia Shojaei, Fatemeh Moeini Vasegh, Hossein Seifi Kafshgari, Roja Qobadighadikolaei. High dose vitamin D improves total serum antioxidant capacity and ICU outcome in critically ill patients – A randomized, double-blind clinical trial. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, Volume 42, 2021,101271, ISSN 1876-3820, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101271.

SUMMARY

The results show that injection of vitamin D leads to a significant increase in the mean changes of vitamin D level on the seventh day of the study and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) levels. ICU length of stay was lessened. Twelve patients in the placebo group and 5 in the vitamin D group died within the 28 day study period. The duration of mechanical ventilation was lessened in vitamin D and placebo arms. Authors do not indicate why the patients were hospitalized or if any of the patients were COVID-19 patients.

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Published: 2021
SYNOPSIS

Early treatment of COVID-19 with sequential multidrug treatment (SMDT) that has been shown to be safe and effective for non-hospitalized patients with symptoms of COVID 19.

TITLE

Multifaceted highly targeted sequential multidrug treatment of early ambulatory high-risk SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19).

CITATION

Peter A. McCullough, Paul E. Alexander, Robin Armstrong, Cristian Arvinte, Alan F. Bain, Richard P. Bartlett, Robert L. Berkowitz, Andrew C. Berry, Thomas J. Borody, Joseph H. Brewer, Adam M. Brufsky, Teryn Clarke, Roland Derwand, Alieta Eck, John Eck, Richard A. Eisner, George C. Fareed, Angelina Farella, Silvia N. S. Fonseca, Charles E. Geyer Jr., Russell S. Gonnering, Karladine E. Graves, Kenneth B. V. Gross, Sabine Hazan, Kristin S. Held, H. Thomas Hight, Stella Immanuel, Michael M. Jacobs, Joseph A. Ladapo, Lionel H. Lee, John Littell, Ivette Lozano, Harpal S. Mangat, Ben Marble, John E. McKinnon, Lee D. Merritt, Jane M. Orient, Ramin Oskoui, Donald C. Pompan, Brian C. Procter, Chad Prodromos, Juliana Cepelowicz Rajter, Jean-Jacques Rajter, C. Venkata S. Ram, Salete S. Rios , Harvey A. Risch, Michael J. A. Robb, Molly Rutherford, Martin Scholz, Marilyn M. Singleton, James A. Tumlin, Brian M. Tyson, Richard G. Urso, Kelly Victory, Elizabeth Lee Vliet, Craig M. Wax, Alexandre G. Wolkoff, Vicki Wooll, Vladimir Zelenko. Multifaceted highly targeted sequential multidrug treatment of early ambulatory high-risk SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2020, 21(4): 517-530. DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.264

SUMMARY

Prompt early initiation of sequenced multidrug therapy (SMDT) is a widely and currently available solution to stem the tide of hospitalizations and death. A multipronged therapeutic approach includes 1) adjuvant nutraceuticals, 2) combination intracellular anti-infective therapy, 3) inhaled/oral corticosteroids, 4) antiplatelet agents/anticoagulants, 5) supportive care including supplemental oxygen, monitoring, and telemedicine. Randomized trials of individual, novel oral therapies have not delivered tools for physicians to combat the pandemic in practice. No single therapeutic option thus far has been entirely effective and therefore a combination is required at this time. An urgent immediate pivot from single drug to SMDT regimens should be employed as a critical strategy to deal with the large numbers of acute COVID-19 patients with the aim of reducing the intensity and duration of symptoms and avoiding hospitalization and death.

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Published: 2020
SYNOPSIS

There is a positive association between COVID-19 deaths and Influenza Vaccination Rate (IVR) of people ≥65 years-old.

TITLE

Positive association between COVID-19 deaths and influenza vaccination rates in elderly people worldwide

CITATION

Wehenkel C. 2020. Positive association between COVID-19 deaths and influenza vaccination rates in elderly people worldwide. PeerJ 8:e10112 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10112

SUMMARY

The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the association between COVID-19 related deaths and influenza vaccination rate (IVR) in elderly people worldwide.  The results showed a positive association between COVID-19 deaths and IVR of people ≥65 years-old. There is a significant increase in COVID-19 deaths from eastern to western regions in the world. Further exploration is needed to explain these findings, and additional work on this line of research may lead to prevention of deaths associated with COVID-19.

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