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Diseases/Outcomes

Published: 2023
SYNOPSIS

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, COVID-19 vaccination-induced hyperglycemia and related complications have been reported. However, there have been few reports of type 1 diabetes triggered by COVID-19 vaccines in subjects without diabetes.

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Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Development Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination

H. Moon, S. Suh, M. Kyoung Park

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, COVID-19 vaccination-induced hyperglycemia and related complications have been reported. However, there have been few reports of type 1 diabetes triggered by COVID-19 vaccines in subjects without diabetes. Here, we report the case of a 56-year-old female patient who developed hyperglycemia after the second dose of COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccination without a prior history of diabetes. She visited our hospital with uncontrolled hyperglycemia despite administration of oral hyperglycemic agents. Her initial glycated hemoglobin level was high (11.0%), and fasting serum C-peptide level was normal. The fasting serum C-peptide level decreased to 0.269 ng/mL 5 days after admission, and the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody was positive. The patient was discharged in stable condition with insulin treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first case of the development of type 1 diabetes without diabetic ketoacidosis after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination, and is the oldest case of type 1 diabetes development under such circumstances.

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Published: 2023
SYNOPSIS

Ten days after receiving a COVID-19 vaccination, a 36-year-old female patient visited the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis and was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus following COVID-19 RNA-based vaccine

K. Sakurai, D. Narita, N. Saito, T. Ueno, R. Sato, S. Niitsuma, K. Takahashi, Z. Arihara

The epidemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is the major public health issue in the world. COVID-19 vaccines are one of the most effective strategies against COVID-19. Here we report a 36-year-old female patient who had thirst, polydipsia, polyuria, palpitations, loss of appetite, and fatigue 3 days after the first dose of COVID-19 RNA-based vaccines without a prior history of diabetes. Ten days after vaccination, she visited our hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis and was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Hyperglycemia (501 mg/dL), anion gap metabolic acidosis and ketonuria were observed. The glycated hemoglobin level was 7.0%. Islet-related autoantibodies were all negative. The glucagon tolerance test revealed attenuated secretion of insulin. Human leukocyte antigen was haplotype DRB1*0405-DQB1*0401, which was associated with type 1 diabetes in Japan. The present case suggests that COVID-19 RNA-based vaccines might trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes, even in subjects without prior histories of diabetes.

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Published: 2022
SYNOPSIS

To assess the association between cumulative aluminum exposure from vaccines before age 24 months and persistent asthma at age 24 to 59 months.

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Association Between Aluminum Exposure From Vaccines Before Age 24 Months and Persistent Asthma at Age 24 to 59 Months

CITATION

M. F. Daley, M.D.; L. M. Reifler, MPH; J. M. Glanz, Ph.D.; S. J. Hambidge, M.D., Ph.D.; D. G., M.D., Ph.D.; S. A. Irving, MHS; J. D. Nordin, M.D., MPH; D. L. McClure, Ph.D.; N. P. Klein, M.D., Ph.D.; M. L. Jackson, Ph.D., MPH; S. Kamidani, M.D.; J.Duffy, M.D., MPH; Frank DeStefano, M.D.

SUMMARY

In a large observational study, a positive association was found between vaccine-related aluminum exposure and persistent asthma. While recognizing the small effect sizes identified and the potential for residual confounding, additional investigation of this hypothesis appears warranted.

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Published: 2022
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The burden of disease from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is large; however, suicide affects the population year after year.

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Comparison of Years of Life Lost to 1,565 Suicides Versus 10,650 Covid-19 Deaths in 2020 in Sweden: Four Times More Years of Life Lost Per Suicide Than Per COVID-19 Death

CITATION

R. Ljung, M. Grünewald, A. Sundström, L. Thunander Sundbom, & B. Zethelius (2022), “Comparison of Years of Life Lost to 1,565 Suicides Versus 10,650 Covid-19 Deaths in 2020 in Sweden: Four Times More Years of Life Lost Per Suicide Than Per COVID-19 Death,” Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences127(1), https://doi.org/10.48101/ujms.v127.8533.

SUMMARY

Years of life lost (YLL) to suicide affects Sweden year after year, foremost attributable to the younger age groups, whereas YLL to COVID-19 is foremost attributable to the elderly. On average, each suicide generates four times more YLL than a COVID-19 death. Enormous efforts and resources have been put on tackling the pandemic, and without these, the burden would probably have been much larger. However, from a public health perspective, it is important to not neglect other contributors to the total burden of disease where national efforts also may have an impact.

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Published: 2022
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Autoimmune/inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA; Shoenfeld’s syndrome) comprehends a group of autoimmune conditions that flourish in genetically predisposed individuals, following an external stimulus by the so-called adjuvants. Many adjuvants were described, such as vaccines, aluminum and other metals, silicone, tattoos, among others. Here we report on a case of an 18-year-old woman who presented with extreme cachexia due to severe dysautonomia caused by the ASIA syndrome induced by the tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccine (Tdap).

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Dysautonomia following Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis vaccine (Tdap): The first case of extreme cachexia caused by autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome) in a human 2022

CITATION

Hen, Or et al. “Dysautonomia Following Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap): The First Case of Extreme Cachexia Caused by Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA Syndrome) in a Human.” Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) vol. 57,12 1333. 6 Dec. 2021, doi.org/10.3390/medicina57121333

SUMMARY

This is a case study of an 18-year-old female who presents with severe cachexia (wasting disease). Post-vaccination she experienced headaches, dizziness, arthralgia, myalgia, extreme fatigue, orthostatic intolerance, mouth ulcers and new food and pollen allergies, that she still deals with. Cachexia has gotten progressively worse since vaccination. She was diagnosed with ASIA following the Tdap vaccination given when she was 14 years old. This is based in part on high titers of anti-tetanus antibodies present in her immune system.

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Published: 2021
SYNOPSIS

The prevalence of asthma, wheeze and eczema among children at 12 months of age might be related to the amount of inactivated vaccine exposure before 6 months of age.

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Cumulative inactivated vaccine exposure and allergy development among children: a birth cohort from Japan

CITATION

Yamamoto-Hanada et al. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (2020) 25:27
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-020-00864-7

SUMMARY

Adjuvants used in inactivated vaccines often upregulate type 2 immunity, which is dominant in allergic diseases. The authors hypothesised that cumulative adjuvant exposure in infancy may influence the development of allergies later in life by changing the balance of type 1/type 2 immunity and  examined the relationship between immunisation with different vaccine types and later allergic disease development. They found that physician-diagnosed asthma was associated with receiving three or four to five different inactivated vaccines, compared with children who received only one inactivated vaccine. Similar results were found for two questionnaire-based symptoms, i.e. wheeze (three vaccines vs. a single vaccine) and
eczema (four or five vaccines vs. a single vaccine).

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Published: 2021
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Early treatment of COVID-19 with sequential multidrug treatment (SMDT) that has been shown to be safe and effective for non-hospitalized patients with symptoms of COVID 19.

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Multifaceted highly targeted sequential multidrug treatment of early ambulatory high-risk SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19).

CITATION

Peter A. McCullough, Paul E. Alexander, Robin Armstrong, Cristian Arvinte, Alan F. Bain, Richard P. Bartlett, Robert L. Berkowitz, Andrew C. Berry, Thomas J. Borody, Joseph H. Brewer, Adam M. Brufsky, Teryn Clarke, Roland Derwand, Alieta Eck, John Eck, Richard A. Eisner, George C. Fareed, Angelina Farella, Silvia N. S. Fonseca, Charles E. Geyer Jr., Russell S. Gonnering, Karladine E. Graves, Kenneth B. V. Gross, Sabine Hazan, Kristin S. Held, H. Thomas Hight, Stella Immanuel, Michael M. Jacobs, Joseph A. Ladapo, Lionel H. Lee, John Littell, Ivette Lozano, Harpal S. Mangat, Ben Marble, John E. McKinnon, Lee D. Merritt, Jane M. Orient, Ramin Oskoui, Donald C. Pompan, Brian C. Procter, Chad Prodromos, Juliana Cepelowicz Rajter, Jean-Jacques Rajter, C. Venkata S. Ram, Salete S. Rios , Harvey A. Risch, Michael J. A. Robb, Molly Rutherford, Martin Scholz, Marilyn M. Singleton, James A. Tumlin, Brian M. Tyson, Richard G. Urso, Kelly Victory, Elizabeth Lee Vliet, Craig M. Wax, Alexandre G. Wolkoff, Vicki Wooll, Vladimir Zelenko. Multifaceted highly targeted sequential multidrug treatment of early ambulatory high-risk SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2020, 21(4): 517-530. DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.264

SUMMARY

Prompt early initiation of sequenced multidrug therapy (SMDT) is a widely and currently available solution to stem the tide of hospitalizations and death. A multipronged therapeutic approach includes 1) adjuvant nutraceuticals, 2) combination intracellular anti-infective therapy, 3) inhaled/oral corticosteroids, 4) antiplatelet agents/anticoagulants, 5) supportive care including supplemental oxygen, monitoring, and telemedicine. Randomized trials of individual, novel oral therapies have not delivered tools for physicians to combat the pandemic in practice. No single therapeutic option thus far has been entirely effective and therefore a combination is required at this time. An urgent immediate pivot from single drug to SMDT regimens should be employed as a critical strategy to deal with the large numbers of acute COVID-19 patients with the aim of reducing the intensity and duration of symptoms and avoiding hospitalization and death.

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Published: 2021
SYNOPSIS

Gut microbiota have a significant effect on host response to vaccination where a reduced or absent population of commensal flora coupled with an overgrowth of pathogenic strains may become a microbial predisposition to adverse vaccine reaction.

TITLE

Do gut microbiota mediate adverse vaccine reaction?

CITATION

Yuan L, Tsai PCC, Bell K. Do gut microbiota mediate adverse vaccine reaction? Ann Clin Trials Vaccines Res. 2018;2(2):11-12.

SUMMARY

The Yuan Lab has developed Gn pig models representing HGM as healthy (HHGM) and unhealthy (UHGM). They found that vaccinated UHMG pigs had higher viral shedding titres and more severe clinical signs compared to HHGM pigs after virulent HRV challenge. In another study, they found that Lactobacillus partially prevented intestinal injury caused by HRV, ameliorating rotavirus diarrhea. Such studies clearly demonstrate the protective nature of commensal flora and that differences in immune responses and clinical disease are due to the influence of microbial differences.

There is potential for future research using Gn pigs to test childhood vaccines such as Hepatitis B vaccine, currently administered within 12 hours of birth per CDC schedule.

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Published: 2020
SYNOPSIS

The increasing rates of allergy, ear infections, and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in countries with high rates of vaccination could be related to mass vaccination and to its impact on liver function and vitamin A metabolism.

TITLE

Multiple Vaccinations and the Enigma of Vaccine Injury

CITATION

Mawson, A.R.; Croft, A.M. Multiple Vaccinations and the Enigma of Vaccine Injury. Vaccines 2020, 8, 676.

SUMMARY

Mawson and Croft have written a comprehensive review article in the journal Vaccines and have investigated the role of multiple vaccinations in long term health effects include neurodevelopmental disorders, allergies, infections and neuropsychiatric disorders.  Past research on vaccine adverse events highlighted in the paper includes multiple childhood vaccines as well as multiple vaccines given to military personnel during the Gulf war.   Mawson and Croft hypothesize that multiple vaccines trigger the retinoid cascade which initiates apoptotic hepatitis that releases stored vitamin A compounds into circulation in toxic concentrations.  Further, the authors link vitamin A toxicity to multiple adverse events following vaccination.

This review article is a very important contribution to the science around vaccine injury, especially injuries following multiple vaccinations which given the bloated CDC infant vaccination schedule is the rule and not the exception.  Mawson has previously completed his own study of vaccinated versus unvaccinated children where he found relationships between vaccination status and multiple sequelae including allergic rhinitis, eczema, otitis media, pneumonia and neurodevelopmental disorders (Mawson et al. 2017, J Transl Sci).

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Published: 2020
SYNOPSIS

Although animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection may elucidate mechanisms of immune protection, we need observations of enhanced disease in people receiving candidate COVID-19 vaccines to understand the risk of immune enhancement of disease. Neither principles of immunity nor preclinical studies provide a basis for prioritizing among the COVID-19 vaccine candidates with respect to safety at this time.

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Prospects for a safe COVID-19 vaccine

CITATION

Barton F. Haynes, Lawrence Corey, Prabhavathi Fernandes, Peter B. Gilbert, Peter J. Hotez, Srinivas Rao, Michael R. Santos, Hanneke Schuitemaker, Michael Watson and Ann Arvin; Science Translational Medicine  04 Nov 2020: Vol. 12, Issue 568, eabe0948 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe0948

SUMMARY

Rapid development of an efficacious vaccine against the viral pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is essential, but rigorous studies are required to determine the safety of candidate vaccines. Here, on behalf of the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) Working Group, we evaluate research on the potential risk of immune enhancement of disease by vaccines and viral infections, including coronavirus infections, together with emerging data about COVID-19 disease. Vaccine-associated enhanced disease has been rarely encountered with existing vaccines or viral infections. Although animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection may elucidate mechanisms of immune protection, we need observations of enhanced disease in people receiving candidate COVID-19 vaccines to understand the risk of immune enhancement of disease. Neither principles of immunity nor preclinical studies provide a basis for prioritizing among the COVID-19 vaccine candidates with respect to safety at this time. Rigorous clinical trial design and post-licensure surveillance should provide a reliable strategy to identify adverse events, including the potential for enhanced severity of COVID-19 disease, after vaccination.

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Published: 2020
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There is, nevertheless, a significant relationship between mercury concentration and autism. Thus, the concentration for mercury can be listed as a pathogenic cause (disease-causing) for autism.

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The Relationship Between the Level of Copper, Lead, Mercury and Autism Disorders: A Meta-Analysis

CITATION

Jafari Mohammadabadi H, Rahmatian A, Sayehmiri F, Rafiei M. The Relationship Between the Level of Copper, Lead, Mercury and Autism Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2020;11:369-378 https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S210042

SUMMARY

In this study, 18 articles conducted in different countries from 1982 to 2019 were collected to determine the authenticity or lack of relationship between the concentrations of copper, lead, and mercury and autism and to provide a reliable pattern in the field for the researchers and planners. Results: In these 18 studies, 1797 patients (981 cases and 816 controls) aged 2 to 16 years were examined. Concentration of the samples (blood, hair, and nails) for both case and control groups was evaluated. There was no significant relationship between copper concentration and autism; there was a significant relationship between mercury concentration and autism; there was also a significant relationship between lead concentration and autism.

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Published: 2020
SYNOPSIS

These results highlight a relationship between environmental and residential exposure to glyphosate and high prevalence of asthma, while experimental studies support the biological plausibility of this association.

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Risk of asthma and environmental exposure to glyphosate in an ecological study.

CITATION

Medardo Avila-Vázquez, Flavia Difilippo, Bryan Mac Lean, et al. Risk of asthma and environmental exposure to glyphosate in an ecological study. Authorea. August 13, 2020.
DOI: 10.22541/au.159734524.47178780

SUMMARY

Background: There is strong evidence of the link between asthma and occupational exposure to pesticides and glyphosate in agricultural workers, but it is limited on environmental or residential exposure to these chemicals. Methods: We analyze asthma prevalence in an agricultural town with high use of pesticides, mainly glyphosate with an ecological study conducted in Monte Maíz, Argentina, composed of a chemical and environmental analysis to determine the burden of exposure to glyphosate and pesticides in general, and a cross-sectional asthma study that uses the methodological criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC); the prevalence’s found in Monte Maíz are compared with the results of ISAAC in Argentine cities with low exposure to pesticides. Results: In Monte Maíz high and preponderant levels of glyphosate were found in the soil and in corn husk and soybean powder. The environmental exposure burden to pesticides was 121 kilos, for glyphosate 81 kilos per person per year, while this burden in the entire country is 7.9 and 6 kilos respectively. The found asthma prevalences were several times higher than those of reference in all ages, the risk of asthma in children of 13 and 14 years old, with respect to those of three large Argentine cities is: OR of 4.64 (CI: 3, 26 – 6.60). Conclusion: These results highlight a relationship between environmental and residential exposure to glyphosate and high prevalence of asthma, while experimental studies support the biological plausibility of this association.

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Published: 2020
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There is a physiological effect of thimerosal in humans that could alter dopamine receptor pathways which are associated with locomotion and more importantly, motor disorders.

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The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets

CITATION

Joshua Pottel, et al.; The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets;July 24, 2020; Science Vol. 369, No. 6502; DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz9906.

SUMMARY

Excipients, considered “inactive ingredients,” are a major component of formulated drugs and play key roles in their pharmacokinetics. Despite their pervasiveness, whether they are active on any targets has not been systematically explored. We computed the likelihood that approved excipients would bind to molecular targets. Testing in vitro revealed 25 excipient activities, ranging from low-nanomolar to high-micromolar concentration. Another 109 activities were identified by testing against clinical safety targets. In cellular models, five excipients had fingerprints predictive of system-level toxicity. Exposures of seven excipients were investigated, and in certain populations, two of these may reach levels of in vitro target potency, including brain and gut exposure of thimerosal and its major metabolite, which had dopamine D3 receptor dissociation constant Kd values of 320 and 210 nM, respectively. Although most excipients deserve their status as inert, many approved excipients may directly modulate physiologically relevant targets.

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Published: 2020
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These results suggest that US children with various developmental disabilities or delay may have higher odds for developing asthma vs their typically developing peers.

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Estimated Prevalence of Asthma in US Children With Developmental Disabilities

CITATION

Xie L, Gelfand A, Delclos GL, Atem FD, Kohl HW 3rd, Messiah SE. Estimated Prevalence of Asthma in US Children With Developmental Disabilities. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(6):e207728. Published 2020 Jun 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7728

SUMMARY

A total of 71 811 participants were included in our final analytical sample, of whom 5687 had asthma and 11 426  had at least 1 disability. Overall asthma prevalence estimates were 10 percentage points higher in children with a disability vs children without a disability. The odds of asthma were significantly higher in children with a disability or delay vs typically growing children. Adjusted models remained significant for all disability categories. Subgroup analyses showed ethnic minorities had a higher prevalence of concurrent asthma and developmental disabilities vs non-Hispanic whites.

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Published: 2020
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Several epidemiological studies suggest a link between multiple vaccinations at the time of the military operation and the development of Gulf War iIlness, Macrophagic Myofasciitis and Post-HPV Vaccination Syndrome.

TITLE

Gulf war illness, post-HPV vaccination syndrome, and Macrophagic Myofasciitis. Similar disabling conditions possibly linked to vaccine-induced autoimmune dysautonomia.

CITATION

Manuel Martinez-Lavin, Melina Tejada-Ruiz. Autoimmunity Reviews, March 2, 2020; doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102603.

SUMMARY

More than one-fourth of all Persian Gulf War coalition soldiers remain seriously ill with Post-HPV Vaccination Syndrome, Macrophagic Myofasciitis (localized lesions in the muscles found at the site of a vaccination with an aluminium-containing vaccine), and Gulf War Illness. Vaccine-induced autoimmune dysautonomia may be the common underlying mechanism of all three illnesses, characterized by chronic fatigue, widespread pain, and dyscognition (difficulty concentrating, disorganized thinking, memory problems, and inability to stay focused or alert.)

Several epidemiological studies suggest a link between multiple vaccinations at the time of the military operation and the development of these illnesses. Macrophagic Myofasciitis and Post-HPV Vaccination Syndrome are two newer vaccine-related disabling ailments affecting our veterans.

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Published: 2020
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From 2002 to 2012, type 1 and type 2 diabetes incidence increased 1.4% and 7.1%, respectively, among U.S. youths, highlighting the need for continued surveillance for diabetes among youths to monitor overall and group-specific trends, identify factors driving these trends, and inform health care planning.

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Trends in Incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Youths — Selected Counties and Indian Reservations, United States, 2002–2015

CITATION

Divers J, Mayer-Davis EJ, Lawrence JM, et al. Trends in Incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Youths — Selected Counties and Indian Reservations, United States, 2002–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:161–165. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6906a3

SUMMARY

From 2002 to 2015, the annual incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes increased at constant rates among persons aged <20 years in selected counties and Indian reservations in the United States. Rates of increase in incidence were higher for type 2 diabetes (4.8% per year) than for type 1 (1.9%). Since 2012, the rate of increase in type 2 diabetes has not changed, and has also remained constant for type 1 diabetes, except among Asians and Pacific Islanders. These findings provide indicators of the number of new cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among U.S. youths and identify groups with increased incidences of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires lifelong treatment and manage-ment. Better understanding of the number of new cases of diabetes among youths helps in planning for health care needs and resources.

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Published: 2020
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In susceptible individuals, chronic low Hg exposure may trigger local and systemic inflammation, even exacerbating the already existing autoimmune response in patients with autoimmunity.

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Mercury-induced autoimmunity: Drifting from micro to macro concerns on autoimmune disorders

CITATION

Bjorklund, G., M. Peana, M. Dadar, S. Chirumbolo, J. Aaseth, and N. Martins. 2020. ‘Mercury-induced autoimmunity: Drifting from micro to macro concerns on autoimmune disorders’, Clin Immunol: 108352.

SUMMARY

Mercury (Hg) is widely recognized as a neurotoxic metal, besides it can also act as a proinflammatory agent and immunostimulant, depending on individual exposure and susceptibility. Mercury exposure may arise from internal body pathways, such as via dental amalgams, preservatives in drugs and vaccines, and seafood consumption, or even from external pathways, i.e., occupation, environmental pollution, and handling of metallic items and cosmetics containing Hg. In susceptible individuals, chronic low Hg exposure may trigger local and systemic inflammation, even exacerbating the already existing autoimmune response in patients with autoimmunity. Mercury exposure can trigger dysfunction of the autoimmune responses and aggravate immunotoxic effects associated with elevated serum autoantibodies titers. The purpose of the present report is to provide a critical overview of the many issues associated with Hg exposure and autoimmunity. In addition, the paper also focuses on individual susceptibility and other health effects of Hg.

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Published: 2020
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The CDC vaccine schedule results in a high degree of chronic aluminum toxicity in the first seven months of life.

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Acute exposure and chronic retention of aluminum in three vaccine schedules and effects of genetic and environmental variation

CITATION

McFarland G, La Joie E, Thomas P, Lyons-Weiler J. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2019 Dec 5;58:126444.

SUMMARY

This study shows that the CDC vaccine schedule results in a high degree of chronic aluminum toxicity in the first seven months of life—a time period critically important to neurodevelopment and immune system development. The authors reached this conclusion after assessing “time spent in toxicity” (defined as “the percentage of days of each week an infant spends with a body burden that exceeds the minimum safe level”) for the CDC schedule and two other lower-aluminum schedules. Important safety considerations include aluminum adjuvant dose per vaccine, spacing of aluminum-containing vaccines, the child’s weight at the time of vaccination and genetic variants that may limit ability to clear aluminum. Changes to the vaccine schedule, including use of vaccines that do not contain aluminum, can significantly reduce “time spent in toxicity.”

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Published: 2020
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The origin of polyarthritis post-arthritogenic alphaviral infections may also be mediated through a hitherto unknown autoimmune response due to the presence of cross-reactive epitopes between viral and human proteins.

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A possible role for autoimmunity through molecular mimicry in alphavirus mediated arthritis

CITATION
Venigalla, S.S.K., Premakumar, S. & Janakiraman, V. A possible role for autoimmunity through molecular mimicry in alphavirus mediated arthritis. Sci Rep 10, 938 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55730-6
SUMMARY

Alphaviral infections are foremost in causing debilitating clinical outcomes in humans characterized by rheumatic arthritis like conditions. Though the presence of virus in joints and associated inflammation has been implicated as one of the reasons for the acute and chronic polyarthritis post alphaviral infections, the basis for rheumatic like outcomes is not clear. through an in silico analysis, we have investigated the possibility of an autoimmune process mediated through molecular mimicry in alphaviral infection induced pathogenicity. interestingly, sequence alignment of the structural polyproteins belonging to arthritogenic alphaviruses revealed conserved regions which share homology with human proteins implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). these conserved regions were predicted to exhibit binding to HLA class ii alleles, showcasing their potential to incite t cell help. Molecular docking of the viral peptide and the corresponding homologous region in the human protein onto HLA-DRB1 revealed strong similarities in their binding patterns. Linear and conformational B cell epitope prediction analyses showed that these potential mimics have high propensity to elicit an efficient B cell response. We thus propose that the origin of polyarthritis post-arthritogenic alphaviral infections may also be mediated through a hitherto unknown autoimmune response due to the presence of cross-reactive epitopes between viral and human proteins.

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Published: 2020
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PBDE (chemicals from Flame Retardants) exposure was the greatest contributor to intellectual disability burden, resulting in a total of 162 million IQ points lost and over 738,000 cases of intellectual disability.

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Trends in neurodevelopmental disability burden due to early life chemical exposure in the USA from 2001 to 2016: A population-based disease burden and cost analysis

CITATION

Abigail Gaylord, Gwendolyn Osborne, Akhgar Ghassabian, Julia Malits, Teresa Attina, Leonardo Transande; Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology; Online: 14 January 2020. doi 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110666.

SUMMARY

Endocrine disrupting chemicals are known to cause neurodevelopmental toxicity through direct and indirect pathways. In this study we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, along with known exposure-disease relationships, to quantify the intellectual disability burden attributable to in utero exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs commonly known as Flame Retardants), organophosphates, and methylmercury and early life exposure to lead. We also estimated the cost of the IQ points lost and cases of intellectual disability. PBDE exposure was the greatest contributor to intellectual disability burden, resulting in a total of 162 million IQ points lost and over 738,000 cases of intellectual disability. This was followed by lead, organophosphates, and methylmercury. From 2001 to 2016, IQ loss from PBDEs, methylmercury, and lead have decreased or remained stagnant. Organophosphate exposure measurements were only available up to 2008 but did show an increase in organophosphate-attributable IQ loss. Although most of these trends show benefit for children’s neurodevelopmental health, they may also point towards the use of potentially harmful substitutions for chemicals that are being phased out.

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Published: 2020
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The data indicated non-live vaccines like Tdap are immunosuppressive. It could mean each non-live vaccine administered could defeat the benefits of all previously administered vaccines. And of course, the general immunosuppressive effect means the person is more susceptible to all pathogens except the ones the vaccine is intended to protect.

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Interacting, Nonspecific, Immunological Effects of Bacille Calmette-Guérin and Tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis Inactivated Polio Vaccinations: An Explorative, Randomized Trial

CITATION
Blok BA, de Bree LCJ, Diavatopoulos DA, Langereis JD, Joosten LAB, Aaby P, van Crevel R, Benn CS, Netea MG. Interacting, Nonspecific, Immunological Effects of Bacille Calmette-Guérin and Tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis Inactivated Polio Vaccinations: An Explorative, Randomized Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 16;70(3):455-463. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz246. PMID: 30919883.
SUMMARY

Certain vaccines, such as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), have nonspecific effects, which modulate innate immune responses and lead to protection against mortality from unrelated infections (trained immunity). In contrast, in spite of the disease-specific effects, an enhanced overall mortality has been described after diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination in females. This randomized trial aimed to investigate the nonspecific immunological effects of BCG and DTP-containing vaccines on the immune response to unrelated pathogens. The trial results showed Tdap vaccination led to short-term potentiation and long-term repression of monocyte-derived cytokine responses, and short-term as well as long-term repression of T-cell reactivity to unrelated pathogens. BCG led to short-term and long-term potentiation of monocyte-derived cytokine responses. When given together with Tdap or after Tdap, BCG abrogated the immunosuppressive effects of Tdap vaccination.

The data indicated non-live vaccines like Tdap are immunosuppressive. It could mean each non-live vaccine administered could defeat the benefits of all previously administered vaccines. And of course, the general immunosuppressive effect means the person is more susceptible to all pathogens except the ones the vaccine is intended to protect.

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Published: 2019
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Compelling data have shown that gut microbiota (GM) are closely liaised with various types of autoimmune diseases in the form of dysbiosis- alteration of individual species and/or global communities of the GM (dysbiosis) which can give rise to different outcomes of autoimmune conditions. Certainly, gut microbiome could possibly be applied as a biomarker for autoimmune diseases prediction.

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Autoimmune Diseases and Gut Symbionts: The Unpopular Liaison

CITATION
S Zulkafli Nor Effa, Shou Jin Phang, Hajar Fauzan Ahmad; Autoimmune Diseases and Gut Symbionts: The Unpopular Liaison; Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences; 15(SUPP9): 165-172, Dec 2019.
SUMMARY

In the past few years, compelling data have shown the potential crosstalk between dysbiosis of gut microbiota (GM) and impairment of systemic immune system. Since then, ideas on how GM partake in autoimmune conditions was put forward. Although genetic variability have been proven to contribute towards the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions, epigenetics control have gained interest among researchers. Current review highlights the crosstalk between autoimmune conditions and GM and its potential regulatory mechanisms. Convincing data from existing literature help in paving ways for more well-defined species in the future studies. The studies should focus on identifying the distinct species involve in different types of autoimmune diseases and their definitive role in autoimmunity. Ultimately, these data can be used for the advancement of therapeutic approach in personalized medicine.

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Published: 2019
SYNOPSIS

Metabolism of metals and toxins may play a role in ADHD and autism development, evidence may be detectable.

TITLE

Dynamical properties of elemental metabolism distinguish attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from autism spectrum disorder

CITATION

Austin et al. Translational Psychiatry (2019) 9:238 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0567-6

SUMMARY

Cyclical processes involved in the metabolism of essential and toxic elements during fetal and early postnatal development differ significantly in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical children, according to a small study of tooth matrix biomarkers. The study’s findings suggest that metabolic regulation of nutrients and toxins may play a role in the development of ADHD and autism.

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Published: 2019
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Residual animal, plant, fungal, aeroallergen proteins (non-target proteins in general) in vaccines cause numerous disorders  including rheumatoid arthritis. The solution is to immediately remove all non-target antigens from vaccines using technologies such as affinity chromatography. 

TITLE

Autoepitopes (22 of 27) in rheumatoid arthritis differ from vaccine antigens by a single amino acid residue, ideal for low affinity self reactive T cell mediated autoimmunity and aluminum adjuvant promotes citrullination of vaccine antigens thus the synthesis of ACPA

CITATION

Arumugham, Vinu. 2019, September.

SUMMARY

Vaccines are manufactured using animal, plant, fungal derived growth media or recombinant organisms. They contain residual quantities of all these proteins. Vaccine makers do not want to spend the money to completely remove these residual proteins. Due to molecular mimicry between these proteins and human self-proteins, immune responses directed against vaccine proteins can result in autoimmune diseases.

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Published: 2019
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This preliminary study provides evidence that post-vaccination abnormal autoimmunity plays an important role in the development of unique symptoms after HPV vaccination.

TITLE

Autoantibodies against Autonomic Nerve Receptors in Adolescent Japanese Girls after Immunization with Human Papillomavirus Vaccine

CITATION

Hineno A, Shu-ichi Ikeda, Scheibenbogen C, Heidecke H, Schulze-Forster K, Junker, et al. Autoantibodies against Autonomic Nerve Receptors in Adolescent Japanese Girls after Immunization with Human Papillomavirus Vaccine. Annals of Arthritis and Clinical Rheumatology. 2019; 2(2): 1014.

SUMMARY

In Japan a significant number of adolescent girls complain of unusual symptoms after human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination that are considered adverse effects of HPV vaccination. However, a causal link between HPV vaccination and these adverse effects has not been demonstrated. In the present study, we investigated autoantibodies against diverse G-protein coupled receptors in the serum of girls who complained of possible adverse effects after HPV vaccination. This preliminary study provides evidence that post-vaccination abnormal autoimmunity plays an important role in the development of unique symptoms after HPV vaccination.

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Published: 2019
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Pregnant women are a WHO priority group for influenza vaccination, but evidence from observational studies in pregnancy is subject, among others, to the healthy-vaccinee bias, overestimating the vaccine effectiveness and safety. An USA survey adds new evidence that documents this bias. Therefore, it is essential to assess vaccine effectiveness and safety with RCTs. Cochrane reviews identified one RCT with “low risk of bias”, in a medium-income country, with NNV 55 for mothers. Its data show an excess of local adverse effects, and a tendency to harm for serious adverse events, with uncertain or very limited protection against influenza.

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Influenza Vaccination for All Pregnant Women? So Far Less Biased Evidence Does Not Favor It

Pregnant women are a WHO priority group for influenza vaccination, but evidence from observational studies in pregnancy is subject, among others, to the healthy-vaccinee bias, overestimating the vaccine effectiveness and safety. A U.S. survey adds new evidence that documents this bias. Therefore, it is essential to assess vaccine effectiveness and safety with RCTs. Cochrane reviews identified one RCT with “low risk of bias”, in a medium-income country, with NNV 55 for mothers. Its data show an excess of local adverse effects, and a tendency to harm for serious adverse events, with uncertain or very limited protection against influenza.

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Published: 2019
SYNOPSIS

This case report describes bilateral deafness following influenza vaccination.

TITLE

Bilateral deafness two days following influenza vaccination: a case report

CITATION

Kolarov C, Lobermann M, Fritsche C, Hemmer C, Mlynski R, Reisinger EC.  Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2019;15(1):107-108.

SUMMARY

This case report describes bilateral deafness following influenza vaccination in a 79-year-old woman with previously normal hearing.

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Published: 2019
SYNOPSIS

About 2%–10% of healthy individuals fail to mount antibody levels to routine vaccines.

TITLE

Primary vaccine failure to routine vaccines: Why and what to do?

CITATION

Wiedermann U, Garner-Spitzer E, Wagner A. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2016;12(1):239–243.

SUMMARY

Two sets of factors are responsible for vaccine failure: vaccine-related factors (e.g., failures in vaccine attenuation, vaccination regimes or administration) and host-related factors (e.g., genetics, immune status, age, health or nutritional status). Primary vaccine failure describes the inability to respond to primary vaccination, and secondary vaccine failure is characterized by a loss of protection after initial effectiveness. Studies indicate that about 2%–10% of healthy individuals fail to mount antibody levels to routine vaccines. T-regulatory as well as B-regulatory cells and the production of IL-10 are involved in non/hypo-responsiveness to vaccination. Non-responsiveness increases with age, indicating that vaccine schedules and doses (at least for primary vaccination) should be adapted according to age. Studies also suggest that different vaccination approaches may be needed for allergic or obese individuals. The significant paradigm shift taking place in many fields of medical research and care should extend the concept of personalized medicine into the field of vaccinology.

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Published: 2019
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With the preliminary literature search starting in 2013 and looking backwards in time, research publications revealed a myriad of toxic actions of Aluminum causing pathological conditions.

TITLE

Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects

CITATION

Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe, Ephraim Igwenagu, Nanacha Afifi Igbokwe. Interdiscip Toxicol. 2019; Vol. 12(2): 45–70. doi: 10.2478/intox-2019-0007

SUMMARY

Aluminium (Al) is frequently accessible to animal and human populations to the extent that intoxications may occur. Intake of Al is by inhalation of aerosols or particles, ingestion of food, water and medicaments, skin contact, vaccination, dialysis and infusions. Toxic actions of Al induce oxidative stress, immunologic alterations, genotoxicity, pro-inflammatory effect, peptide denaturation or transformation, enzymatic dysfunction, metabolic derangement, amyloidogenesis, membrane perturbation, iron dyshomeostasis, apoptosis, necrosis and dysplasia. The pathological conditions associated with Al toxicosis are desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, granulomas, granulomatosis and fibrosis, toxic myocarditis, thrombosis and ischemic stroke, granulomatous enteritis, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, anemia, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, sclerosis, autism, macrophagic myofasciitis, osteomalacia, oligospermia and infertility, hepatorenal disease, breast cancer and cyst, pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis and diabetes mellitus. The review provides a broad overview of Al toxicosis as a background for sustained investigations of the toxicology of Al compounds of public health importance.

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Published: 2019
SYNOPSIS

In this US urban, multi-ethnic population, elevated in utero Hg exposure was associated with a higher risk of over weight / obesity in childhood, and such risk was enhanced by maternal over weight / obesity and/or diabetes and reduced by adequate maternal folate.

TITLE

In utero exposure to mercury and childhood overweight or obesity: counteracting effect of maternal folate status

CITATION

Wang et al. BMC Medicine (2019) 17:216 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1442-2

SUMMARY

Low-dose mercury (Hg) exposure has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity in adults, but it is unknown the metabolic consequence of in utero Mercury exposure. This study aimed to investigate the association between in utero Mercury exposure and child overweight or obesity (OWO) and to explore if adequate maternal folate can mitigate Mercury toxicity.

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